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Developing acoustic methods for the identification of fish remains a long-term objective of fisheries acoustics. The accuracy of abundance estimation may be increased when the acoustic-scattering characteristics of the fish are known, including their expected variability and uncertainty. The modelling approach is valuable during the process of interpreting multi-frequency echograms. This paper attempts to improve the understanding of sound backscattering of fish without a swimbladder, here represented by Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Our approach includes results from modelling as well as comparisons with field data. There will be two papers. The first is a study of the non-averaged backscattering characteristics. This initial analysis is important for the understanding of the averaged backscattering cross-section, which will be considered in the second paper. In that paper the relative importance of bones in acoustic backscattering at higher frequencies will be verified.

Acoustic backscattering by Atlantic mackerel as being representative of fish that lack a swimbladder. Backscattering by individual fish