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A large number of studies have responded to the growing body of confirmedterrestrial habitable zone exoplanets by presenting models of various possibleclimates. However, the impact of the partial pressure of background gases suchas N$_2$ has not yet been well-explored, despite the abundance of N$_2$ inEarth's atmosphere and the lack of constraints on its typical abundance interrestrial planet atmospheres. We use PlaSim, a fast 3D climate model, tosimulate many hundreds of climates around Sun-like stars with varying N$_2$partial pressures, instellations, and surface characteristics to identify theimpact of the background gas partial pressure on the climate. We find that theclimate's response is nonlinear and highly sensitive to the background gaspartial pressure. We identify pressure broadening of greenhouse gas (such asCO$_2$ and H$_2$O) absorption lines, amplification of warming or cooling by thewater vapor greenhouse positive feedback, heat transport efficiency, andcooling through Rayleigh scattering as the dominant competing mechanisms thatdetermine the equilibrium climate for a given N$_2$ partial pressure. Finally,we show that different amounts of N$_2$ should have a significant effect onbroadband reflected light observations of terrestrial exoplanets aroundSun-like stars.

Climate Diversity in the Solar-Like Habitable Zone due to Varying Background Gas Pressure