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Planets with high obliquity receive more radiation in the polar regions thanat low latitudes, and thus, assuming an ocean-covered surface with sufficientlyhigh heat capacity, their meridional temperature gradient was shown to bereversed for the entire year. The objective of this work is to investigate thedrastically different general circulation of such planets, with an emphasis onthe tropical Hadley circulation and the mid-latitude baroclinic eddy structure.We use a 3D dry dynamic core model, accompanied by an eddy-free configurationand a generalized 2D Eady model. When the meridional temperature gradient $T_y$is reversed, the Hadley cell remains in the same direction, because the surfacewind pattern and hence the associated meridional Ekman transport are notchanged, as required by the baroclinic eddy momentum transport. The Hadley cellunder reversed $T_y$ also becomes much shallower and weaker, even when themagnitude of the gradient is the same as in the normal case. The shallowness isdue to the bottom-heavy structure of the baroclinic eddies in the reverse case,and the weakness is due to the weak wave activity. We propose a new mechanismto explain the mid-latitude eddy structure for both cases, and verify it usingthe generalized Eady model. With seasonal variations included, the annual meancirculation resembles that under perpetual annual mean setup. Approaching thesolstices, a strong cross-equator Hadley cell forms in both cases, and about2/3 of the Hadley circulation is driven by eddies, as shown by eddy-freesimulations and using a decomposition of the Hadley cell.

Tropical and Extratropical General Circulation with a Meridional Reversed Temperature Gradient as Expected in a High Obliquity Planet