English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on board Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)made $> 10^{8}$ measurements of the reflectivity of Mars at 1064 nm($R_{1064}$) by both active sounding and passive radiometry. Past studies of$R_{1064}$ neglected the effects of atmospheric opacity and viewing geometry onboth active and passive measurements and also identified a potentialcalibration issue with passive radiometry. Therefore, as yet, there exists noacceptable reference $R_{1064}$ to derive a column opacity product foratmospheric studies and planning future orbital lidar observations. Here, sucha reference $R_{1064}$ is derived by seeking $R^{M,N}_{1064}$: aMinnaert-corrected normal albedo under clear conditions and assuming minimalphase angle dependence. Over darker surfaces, $R^{M,N}_{1064}$ and the absolutelevel of atmospheric opacity were estimated from active sounding. Over allsurfaces, the opacity derived from active sounding was used to exclude passiveradiometry measurements made under opaque conditions and estimate$R^{M,N}_{1064}$. These latter estimates then were re-calibrated by comparisonwith $R^{M,N}$ derived from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations overareas of approximately uniform reflectivity. Estimates of $R^{M,N}_{1064}$ fromre-calibrated passive radiometry typically agree with HST observations within10%. The resulting $R^{M,N}_{1064}$ is then used to derive and quantify theuncertainties of a column opacity product, which can be applied tometeorological and climatological studies of Mars, particularly to detect andmeasure mesoscale cloud/aerosol structures.

The Reflectivity of Mars at 1064 nm: Derivation from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Data and Application to Climatology and Meteorology