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Microscopic liquid brines, especially calcium-perchlorate could emerge bydeliquescence on Mars during night time hours. Using climate model computationsand orbital humidity observations, the ideal periods and their annual plusdaily characteristics at various past, current and future landing sites werecompared. Such results provide context for future analysis and targeting therelated observations by the next missions for Mars. Based on the analysis, atmost (but not all) past missions' landing sites, microscopic brine could emergeduring night time for different durations. Analysing the conditions at ExoMarsrover's primary landing site at Oxia Planum, the best annual period was foundto be between $L_s$ 115 - 225, and in $Local\hspace{0.1cm} Time$ 2 - 5, aftermidnight. In an ideal case, 4 hours of continuous liquid phase can emergethere. Local conditions might cause values to differ from those estimated bythe model. Thermal inertia could especially make such differences (low TIvalues favour fast cooling and $\textrm{H}_2\textrm{O}$ cold trapping at loosesurfaces) and the concentration of calcium-perchlorate salt in the regolithalso influences the process (it might occur preferentially at long-term exposedsurfaces without recent loose dust coverage). These factors should be takeninto account while targeting future liquid water observations on Mars.

Possibility of microscopic liquid water formation at landing sites on Mars and their observational potential