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The analysis of the surface texture from the particle (grain size, shape andinternal structure) to its organization (surface roughness) providesinformation on the geological processes. CRISM multi-angular observations(varied emission angles) allow to characterize the surface scattering behaviorwhich depends on the composition but also the material physical properties(e.g., grain size, shape, internal structure, the surface roughness). After anatmospheric correction by the Multi-angle Approach for Retrieval of the SurfaceReflectance from CRISM Observations, the surface reflectances at differentgeometries are analyzed by inverting the Hapke photometric model depending onthe single scattering albedo, the 2-term phase function, the macroscopicroughness and the 2-term opposition effects. Surface photometric maps arecreated to observe the spatial variations of surface scattering properties as afunction of geological units at the CRISM spatial resolution (200m/pixel). Anapplication at the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) landing sites located at GusevCrater and Meridiani Planum where orbital and in situ observations areavailable, is presented. Complementary orbital observations (e.g. CRISMspectra, THermal EMission Imaging System, High Resolution Imaging ScienceExperiment images) are used for interpreting the estimated Hapke photometricparameters in terms of physical properties. The in situ observations are usedas ground truth to validate the interpretations. Varied scattering propertiesare observed inside a CRISM observation (5x10km) suggesting that the surfacesare controlled by local geological processes (e.g. volcanic resurfacing,aeolian and impact processes) rather than regional or global. Consistentresults with the in situ observations are observed thus validating the approachand the use of photometry for the characterization of Martian surface physicalproperties.

Characterization and mapping of surface physical properties of Mars from CRISM multi-angular data: application to Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum