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Unraveling the stratigraphic record is the key to understanding ancientclimate and past climate changes on Mars. River deposits when placed instratigraphic order could constrain the number, magnitudes, and durations ofthe wettest climates in Mars history. We establish the stratigraphic context ofriver deposits in Aeolis Dorsa sedimentary basin, 10E of Gale crater. Here,wind has exhumed a stratigraphic section of >=4 unconformity-boundedsedimentary rock packages, recording >=3 distinct episodes of surface runoff.Early deposits (>700m thick) are embayed by river deposits (>400m), which arein turn unconformably draped by fan-shaped deposits (<100m) which we interpretas alluvial fans. Yardang-forming deposits (>900 m) unconformably drape allprevious deposits. River deposits embay a dissected sedimentary-rock landscape,and comprise >=2 distinguishable units. The total interval spanned by riverdeposits is >(1x10^6-2x10^7) yr; more if we include alluvial-fan deposits.Alluvial-fan deposits unconformably postdate thrust faults which crosscut riverdeposits. We infer a relatively dry interval of >4x10^7 yr after river depositsformed and before fan-shaped deposits formed. The time gap between the end ofriver deposition and the onset of yardang-forming deposits is constrained to>10^8 yr by the density of impact craters embedded at the unconformity. Wecorrelate yardang-forming deposits to the upper layers of Gale crater's mound(Mt. Sharp/Aeolis Mons), and fan-shaped deposits to Peace Vallis fan.Alternations between periods of low vs. high mean obliquity may have modulatederosion-deposition cycling in Aeolis. This is consistent with results from anensemble of simulations of Solar System orbital evolution and the resultinghistory of Mars obliquity. Almost all simulations yield intervals ofcontinuously low mean Mars obliquity that are long enough to match ourunconformity data.

Stratigraphy of Aeolis Dorsa, Mars: stratigraphic context of the great river deposits