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Asteroid (596) Scheila was the first object for which the immediate aftermathof an inter-asteroidal collision was observed. In Dec. 2010, the 113 km-sizedasteroid was impacted by a smaller asteroid of less than 100 m in diameter. Thescale of the impactor was established by observations of fading ejecta plumes.Comparison of the light curves obtained before and after the impact allowed usto assess how much of Scheila's surface was altered. Cratering physics based onthe impactor size suggests that the size of the affected area is larger thanexpected, (effective radii of 3.5 -- 10 km depending on the change in thealbedo of the surface). Similar but more localized albedo changes have beenobserved on Vesta and the Martian moons, but are not understood. Empirical lawsdescribing ejecta blankets however indicate that at distances between 3.5 -- 10km from the crater, Scheila's surface would be covered by a thin layer 2 mm to2 cm thick. This dusting, possibly mixed with bright impactor material may beenough to explain to observed brightness increase. Our results show thatsub-critical impacts may play a significant role in processing the surfaces ofasteroids. The large effect of small impacts on asteroidal light curvescomplicate shape modeling.

Scheila's Scar: Direct Evidence of Impact Surface Alteration on a Primitive Asteroid