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Through its connection with HED meteorites, Vesta is known as one of thefirst bodies to have accreted and differentiated in the Solar Nebula, predatingthe formation of Jupiter and surviving the violent evolution of the early SolarSystem. The formation time of Ceres instead is unknown, but it should notpostdate that of Jupiter by far. In this work we modelled the collisionalhistories of Vesta and Ceres at the time of the formation of Jupiter, assumedto be the first giant planet to form. In this first investigation of theevolution of the early Solar System, we did not include the presence ofplanetary embryos in the disk of planetesimals but we concentrated on the roleof the forming Jupiter and the effects of its possible inward migration due todisk-planet interactions. Our results clearly indicate that the formation ofthe giant planet caused an intense early bombardment in the orbital region ofthe Main Asteroid Belt. According to our results, Vesta and Ceres would nothave survived the Jovian early bombardment if the disk was populated mainly bylarge planetesimals like those predicted to form in turbulent circumstellardisks. Disks dominated by small bodies, like those predicted to form inquiescent circumstellar disks, or with a varying fraction of the mass in theform of larger (D \geq 100 km) planetesimals represent more favourableenvironments for the survival of the two asteroids. In those scenarios wherethey survive, both asteroids had their surfaces saturated by craters as big as150 km and a few as big as 200 - 300 km. In the case of Vesta, the Jovian earlybombardment would have significantly eroded (locally or globally) the crust andpossibly caused effusive phenomena similar to the lunar maria, whosecrystallisation time would then be directly linked to the time of the formationof Jupiter.

Probing the history of Solar System through the cratering records on Vesta and Ceres