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Mid-infrared 7-20 $\mu$m imaging of Jupiter demonstrates that the increasedalbedo of Jupiter's South Equatorial Belt (SEB) during the `fade' (whitening)event of 2009-2010 was correlated with changes to atmospheric temperature andaerosol opacity. The opacity of the tropospheric condensation cloud deck atpressures less than 800 mbar increased by 80% between May 2008 and July 2010,making the SEB ($7-17^\circ$ S) as opaque in the thermal infrared as theadjacent equatorial zone. After the cessation of discrete convective activitywithin the SEB in May 2009, a cool quiescent band of high aerosol opacity (theSEB zone at $11-15^\circ$ S) was observed separating the cloud-free northernand southern SEB components. The cooling of the SEBZ (with peak-to-peakcontrasts of $1.0\pm0.5$ K), as well as the increased aerosol opacity at 4.8and 8.6 $\mu$m, preceded the visible whitening of the belt by several months. Achain of five warm, cloud-free `brown barges' (subsiding airmasses) wereobserved regularly in the SEB between June 2009 and June 2010, by which timethey too had been obscured by the enhanced aerosol opacity of the SEB, althoughthe underlying warm circulation was still present in July 2010. The cooltemperatures and enhanced aerosol opacity of the SEBZ after July 2009 areconsistent with an upward flux of volatiles from deeper levels (e.g.,ammonia-laden air) and enhanced condensation, obscuring the blue-absorbingchromophore and whitening the SEB by April 2010. Revival of the dark SEBcoloration in the coming months will ultimately require sublimation of theseices by subsidence and warming of volatile-depleted air. [Abridged]

Jovian Temperature and Cloud Variability during the 2009-2010 Fade of the South Equatorial Belt