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BACKGROUND : Recreational noise exposure, including personal music device use (PMD), hasbecome a growing public health concern, as it may potentially result in the development ofhearing difficulties.OBJECTIVES : The aim of the study was to determine the differential impact and short-termeffects of simultaneous cardiovascular workout and PMD use on the outer hair cell(OHC) function of young adults.METHOD : A quantitative research approach was followed. In this study a pre-test post-testapproach was used and twelve subjects participated in three 1 h testing conditions withaltered variables including: (i) exposure to PMD use in isolation, (ii) exposure to cardiovascularworkout in isolation, and (iii) simultaneous exposure to the latter mentioned.Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were conducted pree and postexposurefor each testing condition as primary indicator of cochlear responses. The processconsisted of a cycling procedure through the preset stimulus frequency sequence,measuring the 2f₁ef₂ (75e70 dBSPL) and constructing a plot of DPOAE levels as a function offrequency.RESULTS : Individual testing conditions did not result in statistically significant changes of theDPOAE response, however a significantly different profile in the DPOAE response levelincrease/decrease for the higher frequencies (6e8 kHz) was obtained when comparing thedifferent sessions. Exposure to cardiovascular workout condition in isolation indicated aclear trend of an increased DPOAE response level between the pre-exposure and postexposuretesting from 2 kHz to 8 kHz with a maximum increase at 6 kHz. Both themusic-only condition and the combined condition resulted in a clear trend of decreasedDPOAE response amplitudes between the pre-exposure and post-exposure testing for thehigher frequencies.CONCLUSION : Findings support the notion of a clear effect of cardiovascular workout with andwithout music exposure on the OHC function at higher test frequencies, as measured by DPOAEs. Decreased DPOAE amplitudes between 2 kHz and 8 kHz were observed with musicexposure and the opposite effect was observed for cardiovascular workout in isolation.AGTERGROND : Blootstelling aan geraas tydens ontspanningsaktiwiteite, soos die gebruik van persoonlike musiektoestelle (PMT), veroorsaak toenemende kommer met betrekking tot moontlike ontwikkeling van gehoorverlies. DOELWITTE : Die doel van die navorsing was om die differensiële impak en korttermyn gevolge van gelyktydige kardiovaskulêre oefening en PMT gebruik op die buitenste haarselfunksionering van jong volwassenes te bepaal. METODE : Tydens die studie is 'n kwantitatiewe pre-toets post-toets navorsingsbenadering gebruik waartydens twaalf deelnemers blootgestel is aan drie afsonderlike toetsomstandighede van een uur elk: (i) PMT gebruik in isolasie, (ii) kardiovaskulêre oefening in isolasie, en (iii) gelyktydige kardiovaskulêre oefening en PMT gebruik. Distorsieproduk otoakoestiese emissies (DPOAE) is uitgevoer voore en na blootstelling aan bogenoemde omstandighede as die primêre aanduiding van kogleêre response wat ontlok word deur 'n vasgestelde stimulus frekwensie patroon wat 2f₁ e f₂ (75e70 dBSPL) meet en voorstel as ‘n  grafiek van DPOAE as 'n funksie van frekwensie. RESULTATE : Die individuele toetsomstandighede het in isolasie geen statisties beduidende verskille in DPOAE amplitudes getoon nie. Statisties beduidende verskille in DPOAE amplitudes van die ho€e frekwensies (6e8 kHz) is verkry tydens die vergelyking tussen die verskillende toetsomstandighede. Blootstelling aan kardiovaskulêre oefening alleenlik het 'n duidelike tendens van verhoogde DPOAE amplitudes tussen voor -en na blootstelling tussen 2 kHz en 8 kHz, met 'n maksimum by 6 kHz, getoon. Beide die musiek in isolasie en gekombineerde omstandighede het ‘n duidelike afname in DPOAE amplitudes tussen voor – en na blootstelling getoon. GEVOLGTREKKING : Hierdie bevindinge ondersteun die teorie dat kardiovaskulêre oefening ‘n invloed op buitenste haarselfunksionering van hoë frekwensies kan hê, soos gemeet deur DPOAEs in die teenwoordigheid en afwesigheid van musiek. Verlaagde DPOAE amplitudes tussen 2 kHz en 8 kHz is geobserveer tydens musiektoestel blootstelling en die teenoorgestelde effek is waargeneem vir kardiovaskulêre oefening in isolasie.am2017Speech-Language Pathology and Audiolog

Short-term effects of simultaneous cardiovascular workout and personal music device use on the outer hair cell function of young adults