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Falls during walking are a major health issue in the elderly population.Older individuals are usually more cautious, work more slowly, take shortersteps, and exhibit increased step-to-step variability. They often have impaireddynamic balance, which explains their increased falling risk. Those locomotorcharacteristics might be the result of the neurological/musculoskeletaldegenerative processes typical of advanced age or of a decline that beganearlier in life. In order to help determine between the two possibilities, weanalyzed the relationship between age and gait features among 100 individualsaged 20-69. Trunk acceleration was measured during 5-min treadmill sessionusing a 3D accelerometer. The following dependent variables were assessed:preferred walking speed, walk ratio (step length normalized by step frequency),gait instability (local dynamic stability, Lyapunov exponent method), andacceleration variability (root mean square (RMS)). Using age as a predictor,linear regressions were performed for each dependent variable. The resultsindicated that walking speed, walk ratio and trunk acceleration variabilitywere not dependent on age (R2<2%). However, there was a significant quadraticassociation between age and gait instability in the mediolateral direction(R2=15%). We concluded that most of the typical gait features of older age donot result from a slow evolution over the life course. On the other hand, gaitinstability likely begins to increase at an accelerated rate as early as age40-50. This finding support the premise that local dynamic stability is likelya relevant early indicator of falling risk.

Effect of age on the variability and stability of gait: a cross-sectional treadmill study in healthy individuals between 20 and 69 years of age