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Mixture Temperature-Controlled (MTC) combustion is a novel concept, offering50% reduction in NOx emission compared to V-shaped flames without a knowncompromise. The flame was stable up to an equivalence ratio of 0.57, which wasfollowed by blowout as the lean flammability limit was approached. Leancombustion also means reduced flame propagation speed, being another keyfeature to keep the flame lifted and facilitating homogeneous mixtureformation. It was observed that distributed combustion was easier to achieveunder leaner conditions. Unlike flameless combustion or exhaust gasrecirculation techniques, such as MILD combustion, the oxidizer can be ambientair, offering robust realization in practical applications. The distributedflame is characterized by low flame luminosity and noise. Its acoustic spectrumcontains geometry-related components principally. Hence, it is hypothesizedthat this concept also has a lower tendency to thermoacoustic instabilitiesthan V-shaped flames.

Mixture Temperature-Controlled combustion: a revolutionary concept for ultra-low NO$_x$ emission