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Annular flow is the primary characteristic of unsteady wastewater flow, whichinitiates entrained air and sets up the air pressure regime within the system -an important design consideration. This paper reports on an experimentalinvestigation of free-falling annular flow in a vertical pipe with differentinlets at extended flow ranges up to Re = 3 x 10e4, similar to those inBuilding Drainage Systems (BDS). In the experimental setup, a vertical pipesystem (5 m) was used to record velocity profiles and film thickness in thedeveloping region through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements.Entrained droplets were collected through a separator, and the entrainmentfraction was calculated at different flow conditions. The study reports on thedevelopment process of the film velocity and thickness along the vertical pipe,which agrees well with empirical predictions. The results of the dropletentrainment of a vertical annular flow show the development process to thesteady state. Additionally, a Tee-junction inlet in drainage system generates ahigher and different entrainment profile.

Experimental study of developing free-falling annular flow in a large-scale vertical pipe