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The integration of large shares of electricity produced by non-dispatchableRenewable Energy Sources (RES) leads to an increasingly volatile energygeneration side, with temporary local overproduction. The application of energystorage units has the potential to use this excess electricity from RESefficiently and to prevent curtailment. The objective of this work is tocalculate cost-optimal charging strategies for energy storage units used asbuffers. For this purpose, a new mathematical optimization method is presentedthat is applicable to general storage-related problems. Due to a tremendousgain in efficiency of this method compared with standard solvers and provenoptimality, calculations of complex problems as well as a high-resolutionsensitivity analysis of multiple system combinations are feasible within a veryshort time. As an example technology, Power-to-Heat converters used incombination with thermal storage units are investigated in detail and optimalsystem configurations, including storage units with and without energy losses,are calculated and evaluated. The benefits of a problem-specific approach aredemonstrated by the mathematical simplicity of our approach as well as thegeneral applicability of the proposed method.

Cost-Optimal Operation of Energy Storage Units: Benefits of a Problem-Specific Approach