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Overabundances in highly siderophile elements (HSEs) of Earth's mantle can beexplained by conveyance from a singular, immense (3000 km in a diameter) "LateVeneer" impactor of chondritic composition, subsequent to lunar formation andterrestrial core-closure. Such rocky objects of approximately lunar mass (about0.01 M_E) ought to be differentiated, such that nearly all of their HSE payloadis sequestered into iron cores. Here, we analyze the mechanical and chemicalfate of the core of such a Late Veneer impactor, and trace how its HSEs aresuspended - and thus pollute - the mantle. For the statistically most-likelyoblique collision (about 45degree), the impactor's core elongates andthereafter disintegrates into a metallic hail of small particles (about 10 m).Some strike the orbiting Moon as sesquinary impactors, but most re-accrete toEarth as secondaries with further fragmentation. We show that a single obliqueimpactor provides an adequate amount of HSEs to the primordial terrestrialsilicate reservoirs via oxidation of (<m-sized) metal particles with a hydrous,pre-impact, early Hadean Earth.

The terrestrial late veneer from core disruption of a lunar-sized impactor