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The use of in-situ burning (ISB) as a clean-up response in the event of anoil spill has generated controversy because of unburned hydrocarbons andproducts of incomplete combustion left behind on an ISB site. These substancesthreaten marine life, both in the ocean and on the ocean floor. Treating crudeoil as a multicomponent liquid fuel, this manuscript investigates the effect ofcarbon-based nanomaterials, acetylene black (AB) and multi-walled carbonnanotube (MWNT), on the combustion and flame characteristics of crude sourcedfrom the Bakken formation (ND, USA). Sub-millimeter droplets of colloidalsuspensions of Bakken crude and nanomaterials at various particle loadings wereburned, and the process was captured with CMOS and CCD cameras. The resultingimages were post-processed to generate burning rate, ignition delay, totalcombustion time, and flame stand-off (FSR) ratio data for the various crudesuspensions. A maximum combustion rate enhancement of 39.5% and 31.1% wasobserved at a particle loading of 0.5% w/w acetylene black nanoparticles and0.5% w/w multi-walled carbon nanotubes, respectively. Generally, FSR for pureBakken was noted as larger than for Bakken with nanoparticle additives. Theseresults are expected to spur further investigations into the use ofnanomaterials for ISB crude oil clean-ups.

Effect of carbon-based nanoparticles on the ignition, combustion and flame characteristics of crude oil droplets