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LaNiO$_3$ (LNO) is an intriguing member of the rare-earth nickelates inexhibiting a metal-insulator transition for a critical film thickness of about4 unit cells [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 062114 (2010)]; however, suchthin films also show a transition to a metallic state in superlattices withSrTiO$_3$ (STO) [Son et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 202109 (2010)]. In order tobetter understand this transition, we have studied a strained LNO/STOsuperlattice with 10 repeats of [4 unit-cell LNO/3 unit-cell STO] grown on an(LaAlO$_3$)$_{0.3}$(Sr$_2$AlTaO$_6$)$_{0.7}$ substrate using soft x-raystanding-wave-excited angle-resolved photoemission (SWARPES), together withsoft- and hard- x-ray photoemission measurements of core levels anddensities-of-states valence spectra. The experimental results are compared withstate-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations of bandstructures and densities of states. Using core-level rocking curves and x-rayoptical modeling to assess the position of the standing wave, SWARPESmeasurements are carried out for various incidence angles and used to determineinterface-specific changes in momentum-resolved electronic structure. Wefurther show that the momentum-resolved behavior of the Ni 3d eg and t2g statesnear the Fermi level, as well as those at the bottom of the valence bands, isvery similar to recently published SWARPES results for a relatedLa$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ superlattice that was studied using thesame technique (Gray et al., Europhysics Letters 104, 17004 (2013)), whichfurther validates this experimental approach and our conclusions. Ourconclusions are also supported in several ways by comparison to DFTcalculations for the parent materials and the superlattice, includinglayer-resolved density-of-states results.

journal of electron spectroscopy and related phenomena

Depth-Resolved Composition and Electronic Structure of Buried Layers and  Interfaces in a LaNiO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ Superlattice from Soft- and Hard- X-ray  Standing-Wave Angle-Resolved Photoemission