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Objective: Accurate estimation of SAR is critical to safeguarding vulnerablepatients who require an MRI procedure. The increased static field strength andRF duty cycle capabilities in modern MRI scanners mean that systems can easilyexceed safe SAR levels for patients. Advisory protocols routinely used toestablish quality assurance protocols are not required to advise on the testingof MRI SAR levels and is not routinely measured in annual medical physicsquality assurance checks. This study aims to develop a head phantom andprotocol that can independently verify global SAR for MRI clinical scanners.  Methods: A four-channel birdcage head coil was used for RF transmission andsignal reception. Proton resonance shift thermometry was used to estimate SAR.The SAR estimates were verified by comparing results against two otherindependent measures, then applied to a further four scanners at fieldstrengths of 1.5 T and 3 T.  Results: Scanner output SAR values ranged from 0.42 to 1.52 W/kg. PercentageSAR differences between independently estimated values and those calculated bythe scanners differed by 0-2.3%.  Conclusion: We have developed a quality assurance protocol to independentlyverify the SAR output of MRI scanners.

Experimental assessment of clinical MRI-induced global SAR distributions in head phantoms