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Background: The epidemiology of the slightly radioactive contrast agent namedThorotrast presents a very long latency period between the injection and thedevelopment of the related pathologies. It is an example of the more generalproblem posed by a radioactive internal contaminant whose effects are notnoteworthy in the short term but become dramatic in the long period. A pointthat is still to be explored is fluctuations (in space and time) in thelocalized absorption of radiation by the tissues. Methods: A Monte Carlosimulation code has been developed to study over a 30 year period the dailyabsorption of alpha radiation by micrometer sized portions of tissue placed ata distance of 0-100 micrometers from a model source, that approximates acompact thorium dioxide source in liver or spleen whose size is larger or equalto 20 micrometers. The biological depletion of the daughter nuclei of thethorium series is taken into account. The initial condition assumes chemicallypurified natural thorium. Results: Most of the absorbed dose is concentrated ina 25 micrometer thick layer of tissue, adjacent to the source boundary.Fluctuations where a target region with a volume of 1 cube micrometer is hit by3-5 alpha particles in a day or in a shorter period of time are relevant in a1-10 micrometer thick layer of tissue adjacent to the source boundary, wheretheir frequency is larger than the Poisson law prediction.

Thorotrast and in vivo thorium dioxide: numerical simulation of 30 years of alpha radiation absorption by the tissues near a large compact source