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Due to the band gap of hematite (α-Fe2O3, Eg = 2.1 eV) in visible light region, it was regarded as a suitable n-type semiconductor material for solar water splitting. Although the theoretical conversion efficiency can be 12.9%, the characteristics of hematite, such as short hole diffusion length (∼10 nm), poor charge transport and slow oxygen evolution kinetic rate, cause the generated holes to be trapped in photoanodes for low conversion efficiency. In this study, doping process was used to improve the electrical conductivity. The photocurrent density of Ti doping photoanodes was about 5.5 folds at 1.23 V (vs. RHE) than pristine hematite photoanodes. Besides, water splitting performance could be influenced by morphologies of hematite photoanodes. The nanomaterials with large surface areas could provide high active sites to generate oxygen in the electrode/solution interfaces. Finally, a heterojunction layer was constructed on the surfaces of hematite photoanodes by drop-casting and Co-Pi oxygen evolution catalysts was conducted to decrease turn on voltage and potential of water oxidation

Effect of Morphology Control on Hematite Nanostructures for Solar Water Splitting