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A 3D, multi-phase, multi-component numerical model of injection into a storage reservoir with an abandoned wellbore is developed. A shallow aquifer is modeled above the storage reservoir separated by a caprock layer. An intermediate permeable layer assumed to be a thief zone is modeled. The abandoned wellbore penetrates the entire model from the surface, through shallow aquifer and thief zone to the bottom of the primary storage reservoir. The amount of CO2 captured within the thief zone and released to the shallow aquifer and atmosphere is assessed. A Latin Hypercube sample evaluates the effects of variations in CO2 injection rate, depth of the reservoir, relative depth of the thief zone, and permeability of the wellbore, thief zone, and shallow aquifer. In addition, full factorial design parameter studies evaluate the effect of differing wellbore permeabilities above and below the thief zone. Analyses of the Latin Hypercube sample and parameter studies provide indications of the necessary conditions for secondary capture in thief zones and potential for leakage to the shallow aquifer and atmosphere

Numerical modeling of cemented wellbore leakage from storage reservoirs with secondary capture due to thief zones