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Optimization of injection well placement deserves careful and thoughtful consideration to achieve the higher safety of CO2 geological storage. In this study, a storage safety is quantified as a proportion of the immobile and dissolved CO2 to the total injected amount. Here we revisit the definition of immobile CO2 from a standpoint of long-term CO2 migration. Owing to the irreversibility of relative permeability curves, a fraction of CO2 which is displacing brine will eventually become trapped as residual CO2 when the switchover from drainage to imbibition process takes place. From this observation, we propose a new definition for immobile CO2, which is preferred as a measure of long-term storage safety. Using the above quantitative measure of storage safety as an optimality criterion, we attempt to optimize an injection well placement. We combine the popular numerical simulator TOUGH2/ECO2N with our recently-proposed derivative-free global optimization algorithm, and search an optimal well placement for a realistic heterogeneous reservoir model. Numerical examples confirm that our algorithm can find a promising optimal solution effectively within a practical number of simulation runs

Global Optimization of Injection Well Placement Toward Higher Safety of CO2 Geological Storage