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Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a new tick-borne segmented RNA virus kinds of arthropods and cattle [1–3,6,9] and Jia et al. detected JMTV gedetected in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in the Jingmen region of Hubei province in China in 2010 and was first described by Qin et al. in 2014 [1]. The viral genome is composed of four segments: two which encode non-structural proteins are genetically related to the NS3 and NS5 sequences of the genus Flavivirus, and the other two segments, which encode structural proteins, are completely unique suggesting that they might have originated from a yet uncharacterized virus. Subsequently to this report, Shi et al. and Webster et al. reported the detection of JMTV-like virus genomes in insects in China and in England and Kenya, respectively [2,3]. In 2016, Guaico Culex virus (GCXV), a virus genetically close to JMTV was detected in Culex spp. mosquitoes collected in Central America and South America [4]. They also reported the detection of JMTV genome in red colobus monkey in Uganda. Mogiana tick virus, which is 88–90% identical to JMTV in nucleotide-level, was detected in ticks and cattle infested with ticks in Brazil [5,6]. As described above, JMTV and JMTV-like viruses have been detected around the world. A previous paper reported the detection of JMTV genome in fatal cases of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Kosovo [7]. However, whether or not JMTV causes disease in humans remains unclear. In an article in EBioMedicine, Jia et al. propose for the first time that JMTV is one of the causative agents of human diseases [8]. The authors identified four JMTV-infected patients by high-throughput sequencing of skin biopsies and blood samples. The four patients all had an itchy or painful eschar at the site of tick bite, which the authors remark as one of the distinct clinical presentations of JMTV infection. Two patients showed lymphadenopathy and one showed headache and asthenia. Some patients showed laboratory abnormalities such as the rise of AST andALT levels, and a lowneutrophil count. Furthermore, a retrospective serological test was performed and identified eight JMTV-infected patients from 509 patients with a history of tick-bite. These eight patients showed more severe manifestations: four patients were hospitalized and one patient whose acute phase serum was positive for JMTV genome presented seizure. These findings suggested that JMTV could be a causative agent of human disease. The study by Jia et al. provide novel tools and insights into future JMTV studies. To date, JMTV genome has been detected in several

Detection of Jingmen tick virus in human patient specimens: Emergence of a new tick-borne human disease?