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We describe the design and in--flight performance of the cryostat and theself-contained $^{3}$He refrigerator for the OLIMPO balloon--borne experiment,a spectrophotometer to measure the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in clusters ofgalaxies.  The $^{3}$He refrigerator provides the 0.3 K operation temperature for thefour arrays of kinetic inductance detectors working in 4 bands centered at 150,250, 350 and 460 GHz. The cryostat provides the 1.65 K base temperature for the$^{3}$He refrigerator, and cools down the reimaging optics and the filterschain at about 2 K.  The integrated system was designed for a hold time of about 15 days, toachieve the sensitivity required by the planned OLIMPO observations, andsuccessfully operated during the first long-duration stratospheric flight ofOLIMPO in July 2018.  The cryostat features two tanks, one for liquid nitrogen and the other onefor liquid helium. The long hold time has been achieved by means of customstiff G10 fiberglass tubes support, which ensures low thermal conductivity andremarkable structural stiffness; multi--layer superinsulation, and a vapourcooled shield, all reducing the heat load on the liquid helium tank.  The system was tested in the lab, with more than 15 days of unmannedoperations, and then in the long duration balloon flight in the stratosphere.In both cases, the detector temperature was below 300 mK, with thermalstability better than $\pm$ 0.5 mK.  The system also operated successfully in the long duration stratosphericballoon flight.

The long duration cryogenic system of the OLIMPO balloon--borne experiment: design and in--flight performance