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A rigorous understanding of how multicellular behaviors arise from theactions of single cells requires quantitative frameworks that bridge the gapbetween genetic circuits, the arrangement of cells in space, andpopulation-level behaviors. Here, we provide such a framework for a ubiquitousclass of multicellular systems - namely, "secrete-and-sense cells" thatcommunicate by secreting and sensing a signaling molecule. By using formal,mathematical arguments and introducing the concept of a phenotype diagram, weshow how these cells tune their degrees of autonomous and collective behaviorto realize distinct single-cell and population-level phenotypes; thesephenomena have biological analogs, such as quorum sensing or paracrinesignaling. We also define the "entropy of population," a measurement of thenumber of arrangements that a population of cells can assume, and demonstratehow a decrease in the entropy of population accompanies the formation ofordered spatial patterns. Our conceptual framework ties together diversesystems, including tissues and microbes, with common principles.

Molecular-level tuning of cellular autonomy controls the collective behaviors of cell populations