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In this paper, we investigate the feasibility, robustness and optimization ofintroducing personal comfort systems (PCS), apparatuses that promises in energysaving and comfort improvement, into a broader range of environments. We reporta series of laboratory experiments systematically examining the effect ofpersonalized heating in neutralizing individual, spatial and temporalvariations of thermal demands. The experiments were conducted in an artificialclimate chamber at -15 degC in order to simulate extreme cold environments. Wedeveloped a heating garment with 20 pieces of 20 * 20 cm2 heating cloth(grouped into 9 regions) comprehensively covering human body. Surfacetemperatures of the garment can be controlled independently, quickly (within 20seconds), precisely (within 1 degC) and easily (through a tablet) up to 45degC. Participants were instructed to adjust surface temperatures of eachsegment to their preferences, with their physiological, psychological andadjustment data collected. We found that active heating could significantly andstably improve thermal satisfaction. The overall TSV and TCV were improved 1.50and 1.53 during the self-adjustment phase. Preferred heating surfacetemperatures for different segments varied widely. Further, even for the samesegment, individual differences among participants were considerable. Suchvariances were observed through local heating powers, while unnoticeable amongthermal perception votes. In other words, all these various differences couldbe neutralized given the flexibility in personalized adjustments. Our researchreaffirms the paradigm of "adaptive thermal comfort" and will promoteinnovations on human-centric design for more efficient PCSs.

Personalized local heating neutralizing individual, spatial and temporal thermo-physiological variances in extreme cold environments