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Mechanical forces influence the development and behavior of biologicaltissues. In many situations these forces are exerted or resisted by elasticcompliant structures such as the own-tissue cellular matrix or othersurrounding tissues. This kind of tissue-elastic body interactions are also atthe core of many state-of-the-art {\it in situ} force measurement techniquesemployed in biophysics. This creates the need to model tissue interaction withthe surrounding elastic bodies that exert these forces, raising the question:which are the minimum ingredients needed to describe such interactions? Weconduct experiments where migrating cell monolayers push on carbon fibers as amodel problem. Although the migrating tissue is able to bend the fiber for sometime, it eventually recoils before coming to a stop. This stop occurs whencells have performed a fixed mechanical work on the fiber, regardless of itsstiffness. Based on these observations we develop a minimal active-fluid modelthat reproduces the experiments and predicts quantitatively relevant featuresof the system. This minimal model points out the essential ingredients neededto describe tissue-elastic solid interactions: an effective inertia and viscousstresses.

Interaction of a migrating cell monolayer with a flexible fiber