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In the electromechanical theory of nerve stimulation, the nerve impulseconsists of a traveling region of solid membrane in a liquid environment.Therefore, the free energy necessary to stimulate a pulse is directly relatedto the free energy difference necessary to induce a phase transition in thenerve membrane. It is a function of temperature and pressure, and it issensitively dependent on the presence of anesthetics which lower meltingtransitions. We investigate the free energy difference of solid and liquidmembrane phases under the influence of anesthetics. We calculatestimulus-response curves of electromechanical pulses and compare them tomeasured stimulus-response profiles in lobster and earthworm axons. We alsocompare them to stimulus-response experiments on human median nerve and frogsciatic nerve published in the literature.

The free energy of biomembrane and nerve excitation and the role of anesthetics