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The LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is used to make precise measurements of radioemission from extensive air showers, yielding information about the primarycosmic ray. Interpreting the measured data requires an absolute andfrequency-dependent calibration of the LOFAR system response. This isparticularly important for spectral analyses, because the shape of the detectedsignal holds information about the shower development. We revisit thecalibration of the LOFAR antennas in the range of 30 - 80 MHz. Using theGalactic emission and a detailed model of the LOFAR signal chain, we find animproved calibration that provides an absolute energy scale and allows for thestudy of frequency-dependent features in measured signals. With the newcalibration, systematic uncertainties of 13% are reached, and comparisons ofthe spectral shape of calibrated data with simulations show promisingagreement.

Calibration of the LOFAR low-band antennas using the Galaxy and a model of the signal chain