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We present the calculation of coherent radio pulses emitted by extensive airshowers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays accounting for reflection onthe Earth's surface. Results have been obtained with a simulation program thatcalculates the contributions from shower particles after reflection at asurface plane. The properties of the radiation are discussed in detailemphasizing the effects of reflection. The shape of the frequency spectrum isshown to be closely related to the angle of the observer with respect to showeraxis, becoming hardest in the Cherenkov direction. The intensity of the flux ata fixed observation angle is shown to scale with the square of the primaryparticle energy to very good accuracy indicating the coherent aspect of theemission. The simulation methods of this paper provide the foundations forenergy reconstruction of experiments looking at the Earth from balloons andsatellites. They can also be used in dedicated studies of existing and futureexperimental proposals.

Simulations of reflected radio signals from cosmic ray induced air showers