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This is a report on the status and prospects of the quantification ofneutrino properties through the cosmological neutrino background for the CosmicFrontier of the Division of Particles and Fields Community Summer Studylong-term planning exercise. Experiments planned and underway are prepared tostudy the cosmological neutrino background in detail via its influence ondistance-redshift relations and the growth of structure. The program for thenext decade described in this document, including upcoming spectroscopic galaxysurveys eBOSS and DESI and a new Stage-IV CMB polarization experiment CMB-S4,will achieve sigma(sum m_nu) = 16 meV and sigma(N_eff) = 0.020. Such a massmeasurement will produce a high significance detection of non-zero sum m_nu,whose lower bound derived from atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillation datais about 58 meV. If neutrinos have a minimal normal mass hierarchy, thismeasurement will definitively rule out the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy,shedding light on one of the most puzzling aspects of the Standard Model ofparticle physics --- the origin of mass. This precise a measurement of N_effwill allow for high sensitivity to any light and dark degrees of freedomproduced in the big bang and a precision test of the standard cosmologicalmodel prediction that N_eff = 3.046.

Neutrino Physics from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure