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The Cherenkov radio pulse emitted by hadronic showers in ice is calculatedfor showers of energies in the EeV range. This is obtained with threedimensional simulations of both shower development and the coherent radio pulseemitted as the excess charge develops in the shower. A Monte Carlo, ZHAireS,has been developed for this purpose combining the high energy hadronicinteraction capabilities of AIRES, and the dense media propagation capabilitiesof TIERRAS, with the precise low energy tracking and specific algorithmsdeveloped to calculate the radio emission in ZHS. A thinning technique isimplemented and optimized to allow the simulation of radio pulses induced byshowers up to 10 EeV in ice. The code is validated comparing the results forelectromagnetic and hadronic showers to those obtained with GEANT4 and ZHScodes. The contribution to the pulse of other shower particles in addition toelectrons and positrons, mainly pions and muons, is found to be below 1%. Thecharacteristics of hadronic showers and the corresponding Cherenkov frequencyspectra are compared with those from purely electromagnetic showers. Thedependence of the spectra on shower energy and high-energy hadronic model isaddressed and parameterizations for the radio emission in hadronic showers inice are given for practical applications.

Coherent Cherenkov radio pulses from hadronic showers up to EeV energies