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Measurements of double-differential charged pion production cross-sections ininteractions of 12 GeV/c protons on O_2 and N_2 thin targets are presented inthe kinematic range 0.5 GeV/c < p_{\pi} < 8 GeV/c and 50 mrad < \theta_{\pi} <250 mrad (in the laboratory frame) and are compared with p--C results. Forp--N_2 (p--O_2) interactions the analysis is performed using 38576 (7522)reconstructed secondary pions. The analysis uses the beam instrumentation andthe forward spectrometer of the HARP experiment at CERN PS. The measuredcross-sections have a direct impact on the precise calculation of atmosphericneutrino fluxes and on the improved reliability of extensive air showersimulations by reducing the uncertainties of hadronic interaction models in thelow energy range. In particular, the present results allow the commonhypothesis that p--C data can be used to predict the p--N_2 and p--O_2 pionproduction cross-sections to be tested.

Forward pi+/- production in p-O2 and p-N2 interactions at 12 GeV/c