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Phyllosilicate minerals, which form a class of naturally occurring layeredmaterials (LMs), have been recently considered as a low-cost source oftwo-dimensional (2D) materials. Clinochlore [Mg5Al(AlSi3)O10(OH)8] is one ofthe most abundant phyllosilicate minerals in nature, exhibiting the capabilityto be mechanically exfoliated down to a few layers. An important characteristicclinochlore is the natural occurrence of defects and impurities which canstrongly affect their optoelectronic properties, possibly in technologicallyinteresting ways. In the present work, we carry out a thorough investigation ofthe clinochlore structure on both bulk and 2D exfoliated forms, discussing itsoptical features and the influence of the insertion of impurities on itsmacroscopic properties. Several experimental techniques are employed, followedby theoretical first-principles calculations considering several types ofnaturally-ocurring transition metal impurities in the mineral lattice and theireffect on electronic and optical properties. We demonstrate the existence ofrequirements concerning surface quality and insulating properties ofclinochlore that are mandatory for its suitable application in nanoelectronicdevices. The results presented in this work provide important informations forclinochlore potential applications and establish a basis for further works thatintend to optimize its properties to relevant 2D technological applicationsthrough defect engineering.

High throughput investigation of an emergent and naturally abundant 2D material: Clinochlore