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Additive manufacturing, called 3D printing, starts to play an unprecedentedrole in developing many applications in industrial or personalized products.The conductive composite structures require additional treatment to achieve anelectroactive surface useful for electrochemical devices. In this paper, thesurfaces of carbon black/poly(lactic acid) CB-PLA printouts were activated byelectrolysis or enzymatic digestion with proteinase K, or a simultaneouscombination of both. Proposed modification protocols allowed for tailoringelectrochemically active surface area and electron transfer kinetics determinedby electrochemical techniques (CV, EIS) with [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- redox probe. TheX-ray photon spectroscopy and SEM imaging were applied to determine thedelivered surface chemistry. The CB-PLA hydrolysis in alkaline conditions andunder anodic polarization greatly impacts the charge transfer kinetics. Theenzymatic hydrolysis of PLA with proteinase K has led to highly efficientresults yet requiring an unsatisfactory prolonged activation duration of 72 h,efficiently reduced by the electrolysis carried out in the presence of theenzyme. Our studies hint that the activation protocol originates from surfaceelectropolymerization rather than synergistic interaction between electrolysisand enzymatic hydrolysis. The detailed mechanism of CB-PLA hydrolysis supportedby electrolysis has been elaborated since it pawed a new route towards atime-efficient and environmentally-friendly activation procedure.

applied surface science

The role of the electrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis in the enhancement  of the electrochemical properties of 3D-printed carbon black/poly(lactic  acid) structures