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The reaction-diffusion models have been extensively applied to explain themechanism of pattern formations in early embryogenesis based on geometricallyconfined microtissues consisting of human pluripotent stem cells. Recently,mechanical cues, such as the cellular stresses and strains, have been found todictate the pattern formation in human stem cell differentiation. As a result,the traditional reaction-diffusion models are modified by adding mechanicallyrelated terms to consider the role played by the mechanical cues. However,these models either do not consider the activeness of the cellular tissues orneglect their poroelastic nature that biological tissues are made by both cellsand interstitial fluid. Hence, the current models suffer from the lacks ofbiophysical relevance. Here we propose a modified reaction-diffusion model thatcouples with the active contraction of cellular tissues. The cellular tissue ismodelled as a piece of biphasic poroelastic material, where mechanical forcesnaturally regulate the transport of chemical cues. Such chemical cues directcell fate and hence yield certain types of pattern formations observed inprevious experiments.

A full contraction-reaction-diffusion model for pattern formation in geometrically confined microtissues