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This work reviews the human auditory system, elucidating some of thespecialized mechanisms and non-linear pathways along the chain of eventsbetween physical sound and its perception. Customary relationships betweenfrequency, time, and phase--such as the uncertainty principle--that hold forlinear systems, do not apply straightforwardly to the hearing process. Auditorytemporal resolution for certain processes can be a hundredth of the period ofthe signal, and can extend down to the microseconds time scale. Theastonishingly large number of variations that correspond to the neuralexcitation pattern of 30000 auditory nerve fibers, originating from 3500 innerhair cells, explicates the vast capacity of the auditory system for theresolution of sonic detail. And the ear is sensitive enough to detect abasilar-membrane amplitude at the level of a picometer, or about a hundredtimes smaller than an atom. This article surveys and provides new insights intosome of the impressive capabilities of the human auditory system and explorestheir relationship to fidelity in reproduced sound.

The Human Auditory System and Audio