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Recurrent pericarditis is defined as an episode of pericarditis following a previous episode of acute pericarditis separated by symptom-free interval of 4--6 weeks. Its clinical presentation consists of recurrent episodes of pain in the middle of the chest associated with electrocardiographic changes, pericardial effusion and elevation of C-reactive protein (CPR) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). There is growing evidence of the efficacy of the biopharmaceutical anakinra in the treatment of this disease, which we will summarise before presenting our experience in a tertiary hospital. When it comes to the aetiology of the disease, it has been hypothesised that pericarditis may result from infectious or paraneoplastic triggers or autoimmune disease. In recent years, different authors have reported cases of recurrent pericarditis in the context of the recently described autoinflammatory diseases, in which the immune dysfunction involves the primary or innate immune response as opposed to antibodies or the adaptive immune system. An autoinflammatory aetiology should be considered when infectious, autoimmune and paraneoplastic causes have been ruled out. In monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, defects in the regulation of the inflammasome (an intracellular multi-protein complex with a key role in innate immunity) lead to overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 , triggering different inflammatory symptoms, such as fever, exanthema, elevation of acute phase reactants or serositis. Our knowledge of these diseases is growing exponentially, with new disorders described each year. However, some of them, like familial Mediterranean fever, were already known in classic medicine. Recurrent pericardial effusion is one of the common symptoms of this monogenic disorder. On the other hand, there

Eficacia de anakinra como tratamiento de la pericarditis recurrente