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Oral dosage forms including tablets and capsules are the most commonly used drug products. For some poorly watersoluble and poorly permeable drugs injectable dosage forms can be used to circumvent the challenges of poor bioavailability. However, injectable dosage forms are not always preferred and may in the worst case exert limitations on patient compliance for example needle pain, needle fear, or needle stick injuries. Furthermore, they often require health care professionals for the administration. Development of non-invasive drug delivery systems such as pulmonary, ocular, and transdermal delivery have been an intensive research area in the field of pharmaceutical sciences, which can exert both topical and systemic pharmacological effects. In addition, novel formulation technologies are continuously evolved to enhance the oral bioavailability of drugs with poor physicochemical properties. The contributions in this special issue reflect the wide interest in enhancing non-invasive drug delivery by using various formulation strategies and manufacturing technologies. The special issue consists of one review and nine research articles. It starts with a review article focusing on the research and development of alternative delivery strategies for apomorphine, aiming to highlight the potential of non-invasive apomorphine delivery for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease for instance via the sublingual and transdermal administration routes [1] . The first two research papers in the special issue focus on transdermal delivery and ocular delivery, respectively. Lu et al. used nanocrystal technology to improve transdermal delivery of meloxicam, where the preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the formulations were reported [2] . To improve the corneal permeability of the poorly watersoluble drug, disulfiram, for the treatment of cataract, Jiang et al. formulated the drug into a thermosensitive in-situ gel based on a solid dispersion [3] . The subsequent three research articles in the special issue report on the feasibility of a selfnanoemulsifiying drug delivery system [4] , amorphous solid

Special issue on “Formulation strategies and manufacturing technologies to enhance non-invasive drug delivery”