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Film flow through networks of corners and capillary bridges can establishconnections between seemingly isolated clusters during drainage in porousmedia. Coupled with drainage through the bulk of pores and throats, the flowthrough these networks constitutes a secondary drainage mechanism that cansignificantly affect fluid configurations and residual saturations. In order toinvestigate the prevalence of this drainage mechanism, we propose aquasi-static pore-network model based on modifying thetrapped-cluster-identification algorithm in an invasion-percolation model. Withthe modification, wetting-phase connectivity could be provided by directsuccessions of pores and throats, represented by sites and bonds, as well as bychains of interconnected capillary bridges. The advancement of the fluidinterface in the porous matrix was determined by the bonds' invasionthresholds, calculated based on local capillary pressure values that could beperturbed to accommodate gravitational effects. With the proposed model,experimentally verified phenomena related to slow drainage in granular porousmedia were reproduced, showing good qualitative agreement.

A simplified pore-scale model for slow drainage including film-flow effects