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Open-cell graphitic foams were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition usingnickel templates and their compressive responses were measured over a range ofrelative densities. The mechanical response required an interpretation in termsof a hierarchical micromechanical model, spanning 3 distinct length scales. Thepower law scaling of elastic modulus and yield strength versus relative densitysuggests that the cell walls of the graphitic foam deform by bending. Thelength scale of the unit cell of the foam is set by the length of the strutscomprising the cell wall, and is termed level I. The cell walls comprise hollowtriangular tubes, and bending of these strut-like tubes involves axialstretching of the tube walls. This length scale is termed level II. In turn,the tube walls form a wavy stack of graphitic layers, and this waviness inducesinterlayer shear of the graphitic layers when the tube walls are subjected toaxial stretch. The thickness of the tube wall defines the third length scale,termed level III. We show that the addition of a thin, flexible ceramic Al2O3scaffold stiffens and strengthens the foam, yet preserves the power lawscaling. The hierarchical model gives fresh insight into the mechanicalproperties of foams with cell walls made from emergent 2D layered solids.

Compressive Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of Freestanding and Composite 3D Graphitic Foams