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Grain growth experiments on thin metallic films have shown the geometric andtopological characteristics of the grain structure to be universal andindependent of many experimental conditions. The universal size distribution,however, is found to differ both qualitatively and quantitatively from thestandard Mullins curvature driven model of grain growth; with the experimentsexhibiting an excess of small grains (termed an "ear") and an excess of verylarge grains (termed a "tail") compared with the model. While a plethora ofextensions of the Mullins model have been proposed to explain thesecharacteristics, none have been successful. In this work, large scalesimulations of a model that resolves the atomic scale on diffusive time scales,the phase field crystal model, is used to examine the complex phenomena ofgrain growth. The results are in remarkable agreement with the experimentalresults, recovering the characteristic "ear" and "tail" features of theexperimental grain size distribution. The simulations also indicate that whilethe geometric and topological characteristics are universal, the dynamic growthexponent is not.

Grain growth beyond the Mullins model, capturing the complex physics behind universal grain size distributions