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Six epidemiologically distinct ancestral strains of Salmonella enteritidis and 5 of S. typhimurium from the pre-antibiotic era were examined for plasmid content, and for presence of plasmid genes implicated in mouse-virulence. Five sizes of plasmid were detected in S. enteritidis varying from 1 to 60 MDa. Two sizes of plasmid were found in S. typhimurium, 28 and 60 MDa. Plasmids of the same size were not common to both serovars. The HindIII restriction patterns of 3 of the ancestral S. enteritidis plasmids were identical to the modern 38 MDa plasmid, while all contained identical bands of 3.5, 2.7 and 1.9 kb. All the 60-MDa S. typhimurium plasmids, ancestral and contemporary, had an identical restriction pattern. Three different sized S. enteritidis plasmids and one size S. typhimurium plasmid contained a 3.5-kb DNA fragment carrying the virulence locus VirA. The VirB virulence locus was located on a 2.7-kb DNA fragment in S. enteritidis and on a 2.5-kb fragment in S. typhimurium. Both loci were precisely conserved between the ancestral strains and the modern representatives of both serovars.

Identification of contemporary plasmid virulence genes in ancestral isolates of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium