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We present a laboratory experiment of ATP measurement using Mars soil simulant and  Escherichia coli  ( E. coli ) with a point of view for future application to searching extraterrestrial life. We used Mars Global Simulant MGS-1 (Exolith Lab) as soil simulant, added  E. coli  suspension to it, then the soil simulant with  E. coli  was dried. Various configurations of samples with different  E. coli  density, 1.75 × 10 2 , 1.75 × 10 3 , 1.75 × 10 4 , 1.75 × 10 5 , and 1.75 × 10 6  cells (g soil) −1 , were prepared together with controls. ATP extraction reagent and luminescence reagent were added to the sample, and bioluminescence measurement was performed. The result suggests significant detection of ATP for samples with  E. coli  density used in this work. Similar experiments but without the soil simulant were carried out, and results with and without the soil simulant are compared. Based on the ATP measurement studied in this work, we discussed extraterrestrial life search, planetary protection, relation with the panspermia hypothesis, and also other applications. Graphical abstract

Laboratory experiment of ATP measurement using Mars soil simulant: as a method for extraterrestrial life detection