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Purpose To investigate the effects of 4 weeks high-intensity interval training in hypoxia on aerobic and anaerobic performance of 3-on-3 basketball players. Methods In a randomised controlled trial, 15 female basketballers completed eight 1-h high-intensity training sessions in either normobaric hypoxia (hypoxic group  n  = 8, altitude 3052 m) or normoxia (normoxic group  n  = 7, sea-level). Results After training, the hypoxic group increased their 1-min all-out shuttle run distance by 2.5% ± 2.3% (mean ± 95% CI,  d  = 0.83,  P  = 0.04), compared to the normoxic group 0.2% ± 2.3% ( d  = 0.06,  P  = 0.8), with the difference between groups being clinically worthwhile but not statistically significant ( d  = 0.77,  P  = 0.1). Distance covered in the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test tended to increase in the hypoxic (32.5% ± 39.3%,  d  = 1.0,  P  = 0.1) but not normoxic group (0.3% ± 24.5%,  d  = 0.08,  P  = 0.9), with a non-significant change between groups ( d  = 0.9,  P  = 0.2). Compared to normoxia, the hypoxic group significantly increased subjective markers of stress ( d  = 0.53,  P  = 0.005), fatigue ( d  = 0.43,  P  = 0.005), and muscle soreness ( d  = 0.46,  P  = 0.01), which resulted in a lower perceived training performance in the hypoxic compared to the normoxic group ( d  = 0.68,  P  = 0.001). Conclusion High-intensity interval training under hypoxic conditions likely improved 1-min all-out shuttle run ability in female basketball 3-on-3 players but also increased subjective markers of stress and fatigue which must be taken into consideration when prescribing such training.

Effect of High-Intensity Intermittent Hypoxic Training on 3-on-3 Female Basketball Player’s Performance