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The carbon cycle includes important fluxes of methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. The fluxes may acquire either positive (release) or negative values (consumption). We calculated these fluxes based on short-campaign in situ chamber measurements from four ecosystems of South Vietnam: intact mountain rain forest, rice field,  Melaleuca  forest and mangroves (different sites with  Avicennia  or  Rhizophora  and a typhoon-disturbed gap). Soil measurements were supplemented by chamber measurements of gas fluxes from the tree stems. Measuring CH 4  and CO 2  together facilitates the assessment of the ratio between these two gases in connection with current conditions and specificity of individual ecosystems. The highest fluxes of CH 4  were recorded in the  Melaleuca  forest, being within the range from 356.7 to 784.2 mg CH 4 –C m −2  day −1  accompanied by higher fluxes of CH 4  release from  Melaleuca  tree stems (8.0–262.1 mg CH 4 –C m −2  day −1 ). Significant negative soil fluxes of CH 4  were recorded in the mountain rain forest, within the range from − 0.3 to − 0.8 mg CH 4 –C m −2  day −1 . Fluxes of CO 2  indicate prevailing aerobic activity in the soils of the ecosystems investigated. Quite a large variability of CO 2  fluxes was recorded in the soil of the  Avicennia  mangroves. The in situ measurements of different ecosystems are fundamental for follow-up measurements at different levels such as aerial and satellite gas fluxes observations.

Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from different ecosystems at the end of dry period in South Vietnam