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Rice industrialization worldwide generates significant amounts of rice husk as a by-product. When rice husk is burned to obtain energy, a relatively common practice, a substantial portion of the husk turns into ash, and both constitute environmental liabilities. Using rice husk and ash as starting materials to produce high-value products could help in mitigating the environmental impact while providing economic revenue. Rice husk and rice husk ash as produced in a local cogeneration plant without any pretreatments were evaluated as feasible sources for silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon oxynitride (Si 2 N 2 O) whiskers by carbothermal reduction and nitridation. Rice husk and the ash were held at temperatures between 1200 and 1400 °C for 3 h under flowing nitrogen. Increasing soaking temperature values led to higher whisker development for both starting materials, with the best results observed at 1400 °C. Whereas α-silicon nitride whiskers were obtained when rice husk was employed, the graphite surface-to-ash ratio dictated whisker composition for the ash. Treatment of the ash at the soaking temperature value of 1400 °C led to silicon oxynitride for lower graphite surface-to-ash ratios, but when this ratio was increased, α-silicon nitride predominated. α-silicon nitride whiskers had cross sections ranging from about 100 nm to 1 µm in width, whereas the silicon oxynitride whiskers had cross sections ranging from approx. 100 to 500 nm in diameter. Both types of whiskers were observed to be in the millimeter length range.

α-Si3N4 and Si2N2O whiskers from rice husk and industrial rice husk ash