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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of furrow fertigation on nitrate deep leaching, nitrate runoff losses, and plant nitrogen supply in various growth stages of maize ( Zea mays  L.). Furrow fertigation experiment was conducted in 120 (W1), 100 (W2), 80 (W3), and 60% (W4) levels of required water (560 mm) and 100 (N1), 80 (N2), 60 (N3), and 0% (N4) levels of required nitrogen fertilizer (184 kg N ha −1 ). N-fertilizer was applied in four split applications (before planting, at the seven-leaf, shooting, and flowering). In the farmers’ conventional fertilization (FCF) method, 120% level of required water and 100% level of the required N-fertilizer were used in two split applications (before planting and at the seven-leaf stage). Results showed that the highest maize aboveground nitrogen content was 3.11% for FCF treatments at the seven-leaf stage. The maximum nitrogen content in the sensitive flowering stage and the maximum grain yield were also observed in W2N1 treatment with 2.27% and 12.93 ton ha −1 , respectively. While, there were no significant differences in aboveground nitrogen content and grain yield between W2N1 and W3N1, W2N2, and W3N2. The highest amounts of nitrate leaching out of the 80-cm soil layer and nitrate runoff losses, were also recorded in FCF treatment, followed by W1N1, W2N1, and W3N1. Based on plant nitrogen content, nitrate losses and maize yield, 80% levels of the required N-fertilizer and required irrigation water could be recommended as the optimal levels to reduce nitrate losses and improve maize yield.

Evaluation of furrow fertigation on nitrogen supply and losses as a function of maize growth stages