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To incorporate canopy vertical structure in a process-based model over a temperate meadow, a multilayered model estimated canopy carbon flux ( F  c ) and water flux ( LE ) was applied by comparing with eddy covariance measurements in Inner Mongolia, China. Simulations of diurnal, seasonal CO 2  and H 2 O fluxes and model sensitivity to parameters and variables were analyzed. The results showed that the model underestimated  F  c  and  LE  by about 0.6% and 5.0%, respectively. It was able to simulate the diurnal and seasonal variation of  F  c  and  LE  and performed well during the day and in the growing season, but poorly at night and early in the growing season.  F  c  was more sensitive to the leaf nitrogen content distribution coefficient and maximum catalytic activity of Rubisco, whereas  LE  showed greater sensitivity to the stomatal conductance parameter  a  1 , empirical coefficient of stomatal response to saturated vapor pressure difference V pds0 , and minimum stomatal conductance of CO 2  g  sc0 . The response of  F  c  to environmental factors was ranked as air CO 2  concentration ( C  a ) &gt; air temperature ( T  a ) &gt; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) &gt; soil water content ( θ  sm ) &gt; vapor pressure deficit (VPD) &gt; wind speed ( u  0 ). The response of  LE  to environmental factors was ranked as  T  a  &gt; VPD &gt;  θ  sm &gt; PAR&gt;  C  a &gt;  u  0 . The response of  LE  to vegetation characteristic parameters was greater than that of  F  c .

Modeling Canopy Carbon and Water Fluxes Using a Multilayered Model over a Temperate Meadow in Inner Mongolia